My Faith-Based Retirement
By JOE NOCERA
Op-Ed Columnist
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JOE NOCERAPhoto by Fred R. Conrad/The New York Times |
My body creaks and groans. My eyes aren’t what they used to be. I don’t
sleep as soundly as I did just a few years ago. Lately, I’ve been seeing
a lot of doctors, just to make sure everything still more or less
works.
I’ve also found myself with a sudden urge to get my house in order —
just, you know, in case. Insurance, wills, that sort of thing. Sixty is
when you stop pretending you’re going to live forever.
You’re officially
old. Or at least old-ish.
The only thing I haven’t dealt with on my to-do checklist is retirement
planning. The reason is simple: I’m not planning to retire. More
accurately, I can’t retire. My 401(k) plan, which was supposed to take care of my retirement, is in tatters.
Like millions of other aging baby boomers, I first began putting money
into a tax-deferred retirement account a few years after they were
legislated into existence in the late 1970s.
The great bull market, which began in 1982, was just gearing up. As a
young journalist, I couldn’t afford to invest a lot of money, but my
account grew as the market rose, and the bull market gave me an inflated
sense of my investing skills.
I became such an enthusiast of the new investing culture that I wrote my first book,
in the mid-1990s, about what I called “the democratization of money.”
It was only right, I argued, that the little guy have the same access to
the markets as the wealthy. In the book, I didn’t make much of the
decline of pensions. After all, we were in the middle of the tech bubble
by then. What fun!
The bull market ended with the bursting of that bubble in 2000. My tech-laden portfolio was cut in half. A half-dozen years later, I got divorced, cutting my 401(k) in half again. A few years after that, I bought a house that needed some costly renovations. Since my retirement account was now hopelessly inadequate for actual retirement, I reasoned that I might as well get some use out of the money while I could. So I threw another chunk of my 401(k) at the renovation. That’s where I stand today.
When I related my tale recently to Teresa Ghilarducci, a behavioral economist at The New School who studies retirement and investor behavior, she let out the kind of sigh that made it clear that she had heard it all before. The sad truth, she told me, is that I’m the rule, not the exception. “People have income shock, like divorce or loss of a job or a health crisis,” and those crises tend to drain retirement accounts, she said.
But even putting income shocks aside, she said, most human beings lack the skill and emotional wherewithal to be good investors. Linking investing and retirement has turned out to be a recipe for disaster.
“People tend to be overconfident about their own abilities,” said Ghilarducci. “They tend to focus on the short term rather than thinking about long-term consequences. And they tend to think that whatever the current trend is will always be the trend. That is why people buy high and sell low.” Financial advisers — at least the good ones — are forever telling their clients to be disciplined, to create a diversified portfolio and to avoid trying to time the market. Sound as that advice is, it’s just not how most humans behave.
That data starkly backs up Ghilarducci’s contention. According to the Employee Benefit Research Institute, for instance, only 22 percent of workers 55 or older have more than $250,000 put away for retirement. Stunningly, 60 percent of workers in that same age bracket have less than $100,000 in a retirement account. Ghilarducci told me that the average savings for someone near retirement in America right now is $100,000. Even buttressed by Social Security, that’s not going to last very long.
The bull market ended with the bursting of that bubble in 2000. My tech-laden portfolio was cut in half. A half-dozen years later, I got divorced, cutting my 401(k) in half again. A few years after that, I bought a house that needed some costly renovations. Since my retirement account was now hopelessly inadequate for actual retirement, I reasoned that I might as well get some use out of the money while I could. So I threw another chunk of my 401(k) at the renovation. That’s where I stand today.
When I related my tale recently to Teresa Ghilarducci, a behavioral economist at The New School who studies retirement and investor behavior, she let out the kind of sigh that made it clear that she had heard it all before. The sad truth, she told me, is that I’m the rule, not the exception. “People have income shock, like divorce or loss of a job or a health crisis,” and those crises tend to drain retirement accounts, she said.
But even putting income shocks aside, she said, most human beings lack the skill and emotional wherewithal to be good investors. Linking investing and retirement has turned out to be a recipe for disaster.
“People tend to be overconfident about their own abilities,” said Ghilarducci. “They tend to focus on the short term rather than thinking about long-term consequences. And they tend to think that whatever the current trend is will always be the trend. That is why people buy high and sell low.” Financial advisers — at least the good ones — are forever telling their clients to be disciplined, to create a diversified portfolio and to avoid trying to time the market. Sound as that advice is, it’s just not how most humans behave.
That data starkly backs up Ghilarducci’s contention. According to the Employee Benefit Research Institute, for instance, only 22 percent of workers 55 or older have more than $250,000 put away for retirement. Stunningly, 60 percent of workers in that same age bracket have less than $100,000 in a retirement account. Ghilarducci told me that the average savings for someone near retirement in America right now is $100,000. Even buttressed by Social Security, that’s not going to last very long.
What, then, will people do when they retire? I asked Ghilarducci. “Their
retirement plan is faith based,” she replied. “They have faith that it
will somehow work out.”
I laughed, but it’s not funny. “The 401(k),” she concluded, “is a failed experiment. It is time to rethink it.”
I laughed, but it’s not funny. “The 401(k),” she concluded, “is a failed experiment. It is time to rethink it.”
In truth, I’m one of the lucky ones. I do work that I love, which
requires no heavy lifting and has no mandatory retirement age. If I
become incapacitated, I will have assisted-living insurance. Otherwise, I
can keep writing till I drop.
But, for the millions of others who have discovered, as I have, that
their original enthusiasm for investing was unwarranted, their
faith-based retirement plan is all they’ve got left.
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